Which Season is best for planting fruit trees?
There is a slight difference between the north and the south, the north is more suitable for autumn planting, and most places in the south are most suitable for late autumn, early winter and spring planting. The temperature in late autumn and early winter is suitable, which is the second peak period of fruit tree root system development, and it will not consume a lot of nutrients.
Why spring is not the best: In spring, the temperature rises quickly, and the seedlings germinate and release leaves quickly. At this time, the roots of the seedlings have not recovered the ability to absorb soil nutrients, which will cause insufficient water and nutrient supply, which will lead to the extension of the slow seedling period of the seedlings. When the water is severe, the seedlings will dry up and die, which will affect the survival rate.
Why summer is not suitable for planting fruit trees: In summer, the temperature is high, the water evaporates quickly, and the transplanted trees have not adapted to the new soil, and the roots have not stretched well, the leaves evaporate a lot of water, which is enough to make it dry.
The principle of planting fruit trees: "Suitable for planting", no matter what season you choose to plant, you need to choose the planting time according to the physiological characteristics of the fruit tree and the phenological factors of the external environment. After planting, relevant management measures should be taken in time to strengthen management and increase the survival rate of fruit trees.
Planting fruit trees in spring
The climate characteristics of tree planting in spring: the climate is mild and the rainfall is relatively uniform. In addition, the tree onion has just awakened from the dormant period and has not yet taken root and sprouted.In May and June, the rain will increase and it just enters the growing period.
Which fruit trees are suitable for planting in spring: apricot, mango, loquat, strawberry, cherry, kiwi, grapefruit, orange, peach, grape, date and other popular fruit trees can be planted.
Spring pruning: generally from the end of February to the beginning of April, according to the characteristics of tree species, tree age, soil fertility and other natural conditions and management levels such as fertilization and irrigation, the developmental branches that are long left and thrown in winter are pruned so that the sun can be fully irradiated. Common apples, pears, apricots, and hawthorns are mostly scattered and layered when large crowns are sparsely planted; plum trees are open-hearted.
Avoid fertilizer damage of fruit trees in spring: In spring, the roots of fruit trees are tender and sensitive to fertilizers. Improper fertilization can easily cause the fruit trees to shrink and die. Peach trees are most prone to fertilizer damage, followed by apples, oranges, grapefruits, pears, grapes, chestnuts, jujubes and other fruit trees. Fertilization of fruit trees is best combined with compost soil fertilizer. It is best to fertilize between large branches; do not repeat fertilization (the fertilization area changes every year); the fertilization site cannot be too close to the main stem. The fertilizer needs to be selected correctly.
Summer fruit trees
Which fruit trees can be planted in summer: Although summer is not very suitable, there are still some fruit trees that can adapt to the summer climate and have a fairly high survival rate. For example, peaches, plums, apricots, pear trees, dates, oranges, sand pears, bayberry, oranges, loquats, pomegranates, etc. are all fruit trees that can be planted in summer.
Summer pruning: Summer pruning is generally carried out from May to July. At this time, fruit trees are growing vigorously, and it is easy to consume too much nutrients, which is not good for fruit setting and flower buds. The main measures for pruning in summer are topping and opening angle, etc.
Transplanting in summer requires soil: early summer should be selected for planting fruit trees in summer, and they will not sprout if they are picked after August. Plant with soil lumps, try to minimize root damage, pruning properly in sultry weather, cut off most of the leaves and branches (to reduce leaf transpiration), shading for 1 month, regularly watering and spraying, and replenishing nutrient solution. The anti-transpiration inhibitor of fruit trees can be sprayed appropriately.
Summer drought and flood prevention for fruit trees: Wheat straw can be used to cover the orchard after wheat harvest in June, especially mountain orchards or orchards with long-term water shortages should pay attention to timely mulching; from July to August, focus on rainwater drainage and flood prevention, especially cherry and peach trees Other tree species; after the fruit trees show their leaves to the beginning of September, extra-root topdressing should be carried out.
Planting Fruit Trees in Autumn
The climatic characteristics of fruit tree planting in autumn: The temperature gradually drops after the fall, and the wounds of the underground roots heal quickly when fruit trees are planted, and the evaporation of the above-ground part is small, and the survival rate is high. The fruit seedlings germinate early and bloom early in the following spring.
Which fruit trees can be planted in autumn: The earlier the fruit trees are planted in autumn, the higher the survival rate. It is best to plant some frost-resistant fruit tree varieties, such as persimmon trees, citrus, lemons, medlars, etc., which are suitable for autumn planting.
Fruit trees need to be fertilized and sterilized in autumn: the earlier the fruit trees are planted in autumn, the higher the survival rate. Generally, they are planted from mid-September to early November. When planting fruit trees in autumn, pay attention to burying the soil to prevent cold, and pour antifreeze water once before the winter, the time is in mid-to-late November. Pay attention to deep flipping the tree tray. Pay attention to autumn fertilizer, foliar fertilization from mid-August to mid-September, soil fertilization in September. Spray Bordeaux mixture of ferrous sulfate once in August to kill germs and protect forests.
Autumn pruning: Pruning in autumn mainly removes the newly grown branches and prevents them from growing excessively, and better dormant in winter. To finish, before the end of September, all the uncapped new shoots should be removed from the delicate parts that have not been lignified. The branches need to be combed, and the long branches and dense branches are thinned out in advance to reduce the amount of winter pruning and nutrient consumption, and increase the nutrient storage of the tree.
Planting fruit trees in winter
The climatic characteristics of planting fruit trees in winter: Before the ground is frozen, the underground temperature is still above 10℃. At this time, the fruit trees planted will have early new roots and early spring shoots and early leaves, which can improve the ability of seedlings to resist spring drought. In the south, the survival rate of planting fruit trees in winter is even higher than planting fruit trees in spring.
Which fruit trees can be planted in winter: Blueberries, apple trees, cherries, etc. are suitable for planting in winter. Planting fruit trees in winter should be covered with film to prevent cold.
Fruit trees should be protected from the cold in winter: the easiest way to prevent cold is to cultivate. You can also cover the roots of the fruit trees with black mulch, or smoke them. However, the requirement for irrigation with drainage is slightly higher, but the effect is obvious. You can also use whitening to protect against the cold. The key points of whitening for big trees and small trees are different. In winter, pay attention to the management of the orchard, loosen the soil in time, and clean up the orchard.
Winter pruning: Winter pruning is mainly to make the main branch and auxiliary branch reach a balanced ratio with each other, the growing branch and the fruiting branch have an adjustment ratio, and the amount of flower buds is controlled. The size and density of the canopy should also be controlled to make the light conditions better. Mainly pruning some old trees.
Fruit tree planting skills and attention
1. Choose high-quality and strong seedlings: Choose high-quality grafted seedlings that are free of diseases and insect pests and did not have early leaf fall. The height of the seedlings is 1 to 1, 5 meters, the base diameter is about 1 cm, and the root system must be intact.
2. Check the seedlings and transport: about 1 week before the seedlings, the nursery ground should be watered once to avoid root damage during the seedlings; the long-distance transport of the seedlings should be dipped in mud along with the seedlings and wrapped with wet grass or plastic. Pack it in the bag and cover it with a tarp after loading it before transportation.
3. Planting hole specifications: dig a 50-80 cm square planting hole. When digging a hole, the topsoil and heart soil should be stacked separately, and about 10 kg of soil mixed fertilizer is applied to each hole. After the fertilizer is mixed with the topsoil, half of the hole is filled back and the other half is left on the side of the hole.
4. Planting time: In autumn, it is generally appropriate to carry out the planting from the end of the leaves to the beginning of November before the ground is frozen.
5. Planting method: The "mud method" has a high survival rate. The planting depth is generally 3 to 5 cm more than the original seedling cultivation traces.
6. Strengthen post-planting management: After sowing in autumn and winter, it is best to conditionally mulch to moisturize and protect against cold, increase ground temperature, accelerate root healing, and extend root growth time, but spring sowing cannot be ignored. Before winter, the seedlings should be dried, and the upper part of the seedlings should be cut off. Apply lead oil to the cut to prevent water from evaporating and draining. After the Qingming Festival of the following spring, open the mound or uncover the mulch, water the germination water once, and plow the soil and cover the mulching in time after watering, which will help preserve moisture and increase the ground temperature to promote the germination and survival of the seedlings.
7. Planting attention: Fruit trees cannot be planted repeatedly. The growth of fruit trees for many years will cause soil fertility to decrease, which is likely to cause serious diseases and insect pests; different fruit trees cannot be mixed, and different types of fruit trees, tree species characteristics, crown shape and size, diseases and insect pests and
management measures are also different.
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