Lentil production and technological map

15.08.2021




Lentils, sowing, planting

Lentils Lens culinaris is one of the oldest legumes, the cultivation of which is confirmed in ancient times.


In terms of protein content, it is better than beans, peas, lentils and other legumes.


It is an important food product for humans. Many dishes are made from it, used in the production of sausages, various canned foods are used as a coffee surrogate, etc.


In addition to food, it has great agro-technical importance, like all legumes. Lentil roots are inhabited by koji bacteria, through which nitrogen is fixed, thus enriching the soil. Because of these properties of lentils, it is the best precursor for all crops except legumes.


High drought resistance, frost resistance and grain resistance of lentils are especially important for the crop. Under conditions of high humidity, the plant grows rapidly, developing a large vegetative mass, which reduces the grain yield.


Lentils develop a strong root system, on which a large number of cochlear bacteria are housed, through which nitrogen fixation takes place. Because of these and other positive qualities, it leaves the soil rich and is the best precursor for all crops except legumes.


Soil preparation and sowing


Currently registered (allowed to spread) varieties in Georgia are frost tolerant, so it is sown in autumn. Soil preparation for sowing begins as soon as the plot is freed from the previous crop.


Weeds cause great damage to the lentil crop, so it is necessary to apply a total herbicide before sowing, after 2-3 weeks it should be removed to a depth of 25-27 cm. It must then be cultivated and corrected. Or it is advisable to prune the weeds before planting.


Farmers should take into account that in the field sown for lentils in no case can not apply organic fertilizer, as it causes the plant to grow smoothly, the plant burns vegetation is prolonged, which leads to a decrease in yield. Soil analysis should be carried out and, if necessary, N30P60K45 fertilizer should be applied before sowing or directly during sowing.


The farmer should pay attention to the fact that the seed material must be purchased from a trusted person and he must have a document certifying the quality of the seed. (Certificates, etiquette, etc.) Before sowing it is necessary to treat the seeds with pesticide. Applying nitrogen strains or any of the kojra bacteria before sowing improves the yield.


Pablo, Tsilkani and Zedazeni, currently registered varieties in Georgia, are frost-resistant plants and their best sowing dates are from the second half of November to the first decade of March. Delayed sowing leads to reduced yields.


According to our research, the best rule for sowing lentils is 25 cm between rows. The number of plants per hectare (2 million) should be provided by seeds capable of germinating this number.


The sowing norm is determined according to the size of the seeds (according to the varieties). The sowing depth of seeds at 60-120 kg / ha is 4-6 cm.


The farmer must bear in mind that weeds are especially dangerous for lentils in the early stages of development. Therefore, it is necessary to control weeds with herbicides.it important to dig it .And in the subsequent period it is possible to weed out (we do not need watering).


Fight against pests and diseases


According to the literature, lentil grains are damaged by grains, which we do not notice in the conditions of our long research, and in our opinion is due to the early nature of lentils (its harvest takes place in late June). Leprosy causes rust from diseases, which can be avoided with the right agricultural techniques and appropriate weather conditions. As well as Fusarium wilt, which does not cause complete destruction of the crop, but reduces the yield and quality of the crop.


Harvest 


We should start harvesting lentils when the lower and middle tier plants of the plant turn yellow and wither. Consequently, the leaves of the plant wither and fall off, although on the beard there may be leaves and parks that are largely empty.


Lentils can be harvested with a combine because the plant is low, so it is necessary to put the combine on a low cut (so the plot needs to be leveled so that the soil is not touched during harvesting). It is also possible to harvest in two phases: first melt and then dry the mass with a combine.


Delays in harvesting lead to both qualitative and quantitative deterioration of the grain. The taken grain must be spread on a closed basket, it should be cleaned soon and handled on a sorting machine. In case of 14% moisture, the seeds should be placed in bags and stored in a place protected from rodents.


Technological map of lentil cultivation (minimum yield 1.5 t / ha)


Lentils


* Prices are variable, change the table according to the current period.


LENTIL SEEDS TYPES